A Deterministic Mathematical Model for the Transmission Dynamics of Typhoid Fever Incorporating Asymptomatic Carriers

Typhoid fever is a highly infectious disease, and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite several interventions such as environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, vaccination, and treatment with antibiotic drugs. Evidently, asymptomatic typhoid carriers play a critical role in the transmission dynamics of typhoid fever. Therefore, this research work presents a deterministic mathematical model on the dynamics and spread of typhoid fever incorporating asymptomatic carriers. The basic reproduction number, R0 of the proposed model is computed using the next generation matrix approach, and the stability analyses of the disease-free equilibrium were investigated. Results show that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1, and globally asymptotically stable when R0 ? 1.